How does rising atmospheric CO2 affect marine organisms?

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Kong-B, Kongressvatnet, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway
Reference
D'Andrea, W.J., Vaillencourt, D.A., Balascio, N.L., Werner, A., Roof, S.R., Retelle, M. and Bradley, R.S. 2012. Mild Little Ice Age and unprecedented recent warmth in an 1800 year lake sediment record from Svalbard. Geology 40: 1007-1010.

Description
Working with "a sub-decadal- to multidecadal-scale record of summer temperature for the past 1800 years from lake sediments of Kongressvatnet on West Spitsbergen, Svalbard [78.016667° N, 13.983333°E] based on the first instrumental calibration of the alkenone paleothermometer," D'Andrea et al. determined that two episodes of relative summer warmth during the MWP (A.D. 1010-1060 and A.D. 1160-1250) were "2°C and 2.5°C colder, respectively, than mean JJA temperature from A.D. 1987-2009."