How does rising atmospheric CO2 affect marine organisms?

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Middle and Southern Urals, Russia
Reference
Golovanova, I.V., Sal'manova, R.Yu. and Demezhko, D.Yu. 2012. Climate reconstruction in the Urals from geothermal data. Russian Geology and Geophysics 53: 1366-1373.

Description
Employing temperature data obtained from 44 boreholes spread throughout a roughly rectangular strip of land along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains (~50-58°N, ~57-62°E), Golovanova et al. calculated that "the ground surface temperature at the maximum of the Medieval Warm Period in [AD] 1100-1200 was approximately the same as the present temperature."