300, 600 and 900 ppm Increases in the Air's CO2 Concentration:
For a more detailed description of this table, click here.
Medicago sativa L. [Alfalfa]
|
300 ppm
|
600 ppm
|
900 ppm
|
|
| Number of Results |
89
|
|
2
|
| Arithmetic Mean |
37.3%
|
|
64%
|
| Standard Error |
3.6%
|
|
0%
|
|
Experimental Conditions
|
300 ppm
|
600 ppm
|
900 ppm
|
|
|
Agrell et al. (2004) |
Plants grown from seed for seven weeks in individual 1.5-l pots supplied with slow release fertilizer in controlled environment chambers
|
40%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Leaf biomass of seedlings grown in 13-L pots for three years in polyethylene-covered temperature gradient tunnels at ambient temperature and high soil water content
|
4%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Leaf biomass of seedlings grown in 13-L pots for three years in polyethylene-covered temperature gradient tunnels at elevated temperature and high soil water content
|
50%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Leaf biomass of seedlings grown in 13-L pots for three years in polyethylene-covered temperature gradient tunnels at ambient temperature and low soil water content
|
20%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Leaf biomass of seedlings grown in 13-L pots for three years in polyethylene-covered temperature gradient tunnels at elevated temperature and ow soil water content
|
54%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in 13-liter pots in temperature gradient tunnels grown from the age of one month under well-watered conditions at ambient air temperature over three different years
|
17%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in 13-liter pots in temperature gradient tunnels grown from the age of one month under well-watered conditions at ambient +4°C air temperature over three different years
|
34%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in 13-liter pots in temperature gradient tunnels grown from the age of one month under droughted conditions at ambient air temperature over three different years
|
-3%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2005) |
Plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in 13-liter pots in temperature gradient tunnels grown from the age of one month under droughted conditions at ambient +4°C air temperature over three different years
|
36%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2008) |
Nodule biomass of thirty-day-old seedlings grown for 30 more days in two different years in 13-L pots filled with a 2:1 ratio of inert perlite and vermiculite recessed into the ground among other similar plants growing in a temperature-gradient greenhouse at ambient air temperature
|
6%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2008) |
Nodule biomass of thirty-day-old seedlings grown for 30 more days in two different years in 13-L pots filled with a 2:1 ratio of inert perlite and vermiculite recessed into the ground among other similar plants growing in a temperature-gradient greenhouse at ambient + 4°C air temperature
|
37%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2008) |
Thirty-day-old seedlings grown for 30 more days in two different years in 13-L pots filled with a 2:1 ratio of inert perlite and vermiculite recessed into the ground among other similar plants growing in a temperature-gradient greenhouse at ambient air temperature
|
0%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2008) |
Thirty-day-old seedlings grown for 30 more days in two different years in 13-L pots filled with a 2:1 ratio of inert perlite and vermiculite recessed into the ground among other similar plants growing in a temperature-gradient greenhouse at ambient + 4°C air temperature
|
35%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2009) |
Thirty-day-old plants (5 per each 2-liter pot filled with a 2:1 mix of perlite:vermiculate) grown for 30 more days in controlled environment chambers and maintained at a well-watered (WW, maximum soil water content)state
|
31%
|
|
|
|
Aranjuelo et al. (2009) |
Thirty-day-old plants (5 per each 2-liter pot filled with a 2:1 mix of perlite:vermiculate) grown for 30 more days in controlled environment chambers and maintained at a water-deficient (WD, 50% of maximum soil water content) state
|
11%
|
|
|
|
Baslam et al. (2014) |
Leaf biomass of well watered and fertilized seedlings growing in pots filled with a 2.5:2.5:1 mix of vermiculite:sand:light peat, without mycorrhizal inoculation (MI) in greenhouse environments of two different CO2 concentrations
|
35%
|
|
|
|
Baslam et al. (2014) |
Leaf biomass of well watered and fertilized seedlings growing in pots filled with a 2.5:2.5:1 mix of vermiculite:sand:light peat, with mycorrhizal inoculation (MI) in greenhouse environments of two different CO2 concentrations
|
12%
|
|
|
|
Baslam et al. (2014) |
Stem biomass of well watered and fertilized seedlings growing in pots filled with a 2.5:2.5:1 mix of vermiculite:sand:light peat, without mycorrhizal inoculation (MI) in greenhouse environments of two different CO2 concentrations
|
34%
|
|
|
|
Baslam et al. (2014) |
Stem biomass of well watered and fertilized seedlings growing in pots filled with a 2.5:2.5:1 mix of vermiculite:sand:light peat, with mycorrhizal inoculation (MI) in greenhouse environments of two different CO2 concentrations
|
57%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007a) |
Plants grown from seed in pots filled with non-sterile topsoil within environmentally-controlled growth chambers maintained at optimum conditions - and inoculated after one week with rhizobium strain A2 - for about 60 days, after which they were exposed to two weeks of cold-acclimating low temperature (2°C)
|
50%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007a) |
Plants grown from seed in pots filled with non-sterile topsoil within environmentally-controlled growth chambers maintained at optimum conditions - and inoculated after one week with rhizobium strain NRG34 - for about 60 days, after which they were exposed to two weeks of cold-acclimating low temperature (2°C)
|
23%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007a) |
Plants grown from seed in pots filled with non-sterile topsoil within environmentally-controlled growth chambers maintained at optimum conditions - and inoculated after one week with rhizobium strain A2 - for about 75 days, after which they were exposed to two weeks of cold-acclimating low temperature (2°C)
|
25%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007a) |
Plants grown from seed in pots filled with non-sterile topsoil within environmentally-controlled growth chambers maintained at optimum conditions - and inoculated after one week with rhizobium strain NRG34 - for about 75 days, after which they were exposed to two weeks of cold-acclimating low temperature (2°C)
|
27%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007b) |
Shoot biomass of well watered and fertilized plants inoculated with rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti strain A2) grown from seed for 56 days ten to a pot of non-sterile topsoil in controlled environment chambers
|
53%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007b) |
Root biomass of well watered and fertilized plants inoculated with rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti strain A2) grown from seed for 56 days ten to a pot of non-sterile topsoil in controlled environment chambers
|
45%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007b) |
Shoot biomass of well watered and fertilized plants inoculated with rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG34) grown from seed for 56 days ten to a pot of non-sterile topsoil in controlled environment chambers
|
36%
|
|
|
|
Bertrand et al. (2007b) |
Root biomass of well watered and fertilized plants inoculated with rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG34) grown from seed for 56 days ten to a pot of non-sterile topsoil in controlled environment chambers
|
0%
|
|
|
|
Bunce (1993) |
semi-open chambers, growth period 1
|
21%
|
|
|
|
Bunce (1993) |
semi-open chambers, growth period 2
|
59%
|
|
|
|
Bunce (1993) |
semi-open chambers, growth period 3
|
45%
|
|
|
|
Bunce (1993) |
semi-open chambers, growth period 4
|
25%
|
|
|
|
Crush (1993) |
controlled environment rooms,18/13 °C day/night temperature
|
26%
|
|
|
|
Crush (1993) |
controlled environment rooms,28/23 °C day/night temperature
|
31%
|
|
|
|
De Luis et al. (1999) |
controlled environment chambers,well-watered
|
157%
|
|
|
|
De Luis et al. (1999) |
controlled environment chambers,water-stressed
|
133%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and pre-cutting
|
45%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and pre-cutting
|
69%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and pre-cutting
|
55%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and pre-cutting
|
14%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and pre-cutting
|
39%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and pre-cutting
|
48%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and pre-cutting
|
37%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and pre-cutting
|
27%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and post-cutting
|
13%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and post-cutting
|
36%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and post-cutting
|
57%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Leaf biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and post-cutting
|
19%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and post-cutting
|
-3%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of well-watered 30-day-old plants grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and post-cutting
|
58%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature (Tamb) and post-cutting
|
41%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2006) |
Stem biomass of 30-day-old plants grown under drought conditions in temperature-gradient greenhouses for an additional 60 days (with a cutting at the midpoint of the latter period) under ambient temperature plus 4°C (Tamb + 4°C) and post-cutting
|
32%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of ambient temperature (TA) and well-watered (to field capacity) conditions after one month of treatment (first cutting)
|
29%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of elevated temperature (TE = TA + 4°C) and well-watered (to field capacity) conditions after one month of treatment (first cutting)
|
21%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of ambient temperature (TA) and water-stressed (50% field capacity) conditions after one month of treatment (first cutting)
|
10%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of elevated temperature (TE = TA + 4°C) and water-stressed (50% field capacity) conditions after one month of treatment (first cutting)
|
6%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of ambient temperature (TA) and well-watered (to field capacity) conditions after two months of treatment (second cutting)
|
-6%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of elevated temperature (TE = TA + 4°C) and well-watered (to field capacity) conditions after two months of treatment (second cutting)
|
40%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of ambient temperature (TA) and water-stressed (50% field capacity) conditions after two months of treatment (second cutting)
|
38%
|
|
|
|
Erice et al. (2007) |
30-day-old nodulated alfalfa plants grown in two temperature-gradient greenhouses in an alfalfa field under conditions of elevated temperature (TE = TA + 4°C) and water-stressed (50% field capacity) conditions after two months of treatment (second cutting)
|
31%
|
|
|
|
Goudriaan and de Ruiter (1983) |
pots, greenhouse
|
10%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, effectively nodulating,low nitrogen, 1994
|
65%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, effectively nodulating,high nitrogen, 1994
|
55%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, effectively nodulating,low nitrogen, 1995
|
56%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, effectively nodulating,high nitrogen, 1995
|
59%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, ineffectively nodulating,low nitrogen, 1994
|
-29%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, ineffectively nodulating,high nitrogen, 1994
|
4%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, ineffectively nodulating,low nitrogen, 1995
|
-30%
|
|
|
|
Luscher et al. (2000) |
FACE, ineffectively nodulating,high nitrogen, 1995
|
26%
|
|
|
|
Macdowall (1983) |
pots, growth chambers
|
-17%
|
|
64%
|
|
Morgan et al. (2001) |
growth chamber, low nitrogen
|
52%
|
|
|
|
Morgan et al. (2001) |
growth chamber, high nitrogen
|
55%
|
|
|
|
Morison and Gifford (1984) |
pots (3.2 kg soil)
|
98%
|
|
|
|
Reuveni and Gale (1985) |
containers, growth chambers
|
9%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F78 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
129%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F34 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
41%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 1032GMI strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
76%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F78 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
60%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F34 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
65%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for eight weeks in summer (S) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 1032GMI strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
55%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F78 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
48%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F34 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
26%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at ambient temperature (T) in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 1032GMI strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
47%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F78 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
-1%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 102F34 strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
169%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2012) |
Well watered and fertilized (but lacking any added nitrogen) plants grown for nine weeks in autumn (A) within temperature gradient greenhouses - at T+ 4°C - in 13-L pots filled with a 2/1 by volume mix of perlite and vermiculite, each pot containing 20 seedlings inoculated with the 1032GMI strain of Sinorhizobium melilota
|
94%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2010) |
Well watered and fertilized 30-day-old plants inoculated with the N2-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacterium and growing 4 plants to each 2-L pot (filled with a 2:1 mix of perlite and vermiculite) within growth chambers where they were maintained at NH4NO3 fertilization levels of 0 mM
|
23%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2010) |
Well watered and fertilized 30-day-old plants inoculated with the N2-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacterium and growing 4 plants to each 2-L pot (filled with a 2:1 mix of perlite and vermiculite) within growth chambers where they were maintained at NH4NO3 fertilization levels of 10 mM
|
11%
|
|
|
|
Sanz-Saez et al. (2010) |
Well watered and fertilized 30-day-old plants inoculated with the N2-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti bacterium and growing 4 plants to each 2-L pot (filled with a 2:1 mix of perlite and vermiculite) within growth chambers where they were maintained at NH4NO3 fertilization levels of 15 mM
|
39%
|
|
|
|
Zebian and Reekie (1998) |
Plants grown under high light for six days in 50-ml vials containing 0.6% agar
|
1%
|
|
|
|
Zebian and Reekie (1998) |
Plants grown under high light for six days in 50-ml vials containing 0.6% agar
|
|
|
64%
|